Concentration & risk

Even the most popular projects rest on one person

76.6% of all packages are maintained by a single person.

Headline statistic
76.6%
2026 edition

Single-maintainer package rates by ecosystem

PyPI has the highest supplied single-maintainer rate at 89.3%; npm has the lowest of the compared ecosystems at 51.5%.

Rates count packages with one distinct maintainer in each supplied ecosystem.

Source: FOSS Data — https://www.fossdata.org

Interactive visualization is optional. Exact values are available in the data table below.

Data table

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EcosystemSingle-maintainer packages
PyPI89.3%
NuGet86.5%
RubyGems77.4%
npm51.5%

Supporting explanation

76.6% of all packages are maintained by a single person. Among packages with over 10,000 stars, 59.8% are still solo-maintained, versus 78.8% for everything else — the exact shape behind the xz-utils backdoor.

Publication details

Edition

2026 edition

Measured 25 June 2026

Published 2 August 2026

Source
Based on the Exodos Labs provenance dataset.